// KNOWLEDGE

Maritime technology, in plain words

Connectivity, protocols, cargo tracking, platforms, AI and integration. The pillars and terms we build on.

Connectivity

Satellite, VSAT, LEO, cellular and hybrid links at sea.

Maritime Connectivity: How Ships Stay Online at Sea
Pillar

Maritime Connectivity: How Ships Stay Online at Sea

Connectivity at sea is hard: links drop, latency varies, and bandwidth is expensive. Modern fleets layer…

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Starlink Maritime: LEO Satellite Internet for Ships
Term

Starlink Maritime: LEO Satellite Internet for Ships

Starlink uses a large low-Earth-orbit constellation to deliver fast, low-latency internet at sea, reshaping…

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VSAT: Very Small Aperture Terminal for Ships
Term

VSAT: Very Small Aperture Terminal for Ships

VSAT has connected ships via geostationary satellites for decades, offering wide, predictable coverage across…

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Inmarsat Fleet Xpress & FleetBroadband
Term

Inmarsat Fleet Xpress & FleetBroadband

Inmarsat's FleetBroadband and Fleet Xpress are widely used maritime satellite services known for global…

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Iridium Certus: Global L-band Connectivity & GMDSS
Term

Iridium Certus: Global L-band Connectivity & GMDSS

Iridium's network of 66 low-orbit satellites gives genuine pole-to-pole coverage, making Certus a reliable…

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OneWeb (Eutelsat): LEO Connectivity for Maritime
Term

OneWeb (Eutelsat): LEO Connectivity for Maritime

OneWeb, now under Eutelsat, is a LEO broadband constellation offering low-latency connectivity at sea,…

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L-band Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) at Sea
Term

L-band Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) at Sea

L-band mobile satellite services prioritise reliability and small antennas over speed, the link that keeps…

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GMDSS: Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
Term

GMDSS: Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

GMDSS is the internationally mandated framework that ensures ships can call for help and receive safety…

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Hybrid Maritime Connectivity & Auto-Failover
Term

Hybrid Maritime Connectivity & Auto-Failover

No single link is enough at sea, so fleets combine LEO, VSAT and L-band with automatic failover to stay…

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Cellular Connectivity at Sea (4G/5G & Roaming)
Term

Cellular Connectivity at Sea (4G/5G & Roaming)

Close to shore and in port, cellular 4G/5G provides fast, low-cost connectivity that complements satellite,…

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Protocols & data

NMEA, J1939, Modbus, OPC-UA, MQTT and vessel-data standards.

Onboard Data Protocols & Standards on Ships
Pillar

Onboard Data Protocols & Standards on Ships

A modern ship is a patchwork of devices that each speak their own protocol. Turning that into one usable data…

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NMEA 0183: The Legacy Marine Serial Protocol
Term

NMEA 0183: The Legacy Marine Serial Protocol

NMEA 0183 is the long-standing text-based serial protocol for marine electronics, still found in AIS and many…

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NMEA 2000 (N2K): The Standard Marine Network Bus
Term

NMEA 2000 (N2K): The Standard Marine Network Bus

NMEA 2000 is the plug-and-play, CAN-based network that has become the de-facto standard for connecting modern…

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NMEA OneNet: Marine Ethernet for High-Bandwidth Data
Term

NMEA OneNet: Marine Ethernet for High-Bandwidth Data

NMEA OneNet brings marine networking onto Ethernet and IP, carrying far more data than NMEA 2000 for systems…

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SAE J1939: Engine & Machinery Data on CAN
Term

SAE J1939: Engine & Machinery Data on CAN

SAE J1939 is the higher-layer CAN protocol that engines and heavy machinery use for control and diagnostics,…

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Modbus: Industrial Protocol for Ship Automation
Term

Modbus: Industrial Protocol for Ship Automation

Modbus is a simple, decades-old industrial protocol found throughout ship automation, tank gauging, energy…

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OPC-UA: Industrial Interoperability Standard
Term

OPC-UA: Industrial Interoperability Standard

OPC-UA is a modern, secure, platform-independent industrial standard used in ship automation and as an…

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MQTT: Lightweight Telemetry for IoT & Ships
Term

MQTT: Lightweight Telemetry for IoT & Ships

MQTT is a lightweight publish/subscribe messaging protocol that suits the weak, intermittent and costly links…

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ISO 19848: Standard Data Structure for Ship Machinery
Term

ISO 19848: Standard Data Structure for Ship Machinery

ISO 19848 gives shipboard machinery data a standard structure and naming, so vessel data becomes portable and…

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ISO 19847: Shipboard Data Servers
Term

ISO 19847: Shipboard Data Servers

ISO 19847 defines the shipboard data servers that collect and share vessel data on board and with shore,…

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CAN Bus: The Backbone Behind Marine Networks
Term

CAN Bus: The Backbone Behind Marine Networks

CAN bus is the rugged multi-master serial network that sits underneath both NMEA 2000 and SAE J1939.

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IEC 61162-450: Lightweight Ethernet for Ship Systems
Term

IEC 61162-450: Lightweight Ethernet for Ship Systems

IEC 61162-450, known as Lightweight Ethernet, standardises how shipboard navigation and bridge systems share…

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Cargo tracking

AIS, trackers, RFID/BLE, smart containers, DCSA Track & Trace.

Cargo Tracking & Supply-Chain Visibility
Pillar

Cargo Tracking & Supply-Chain Visibility

Knowing where cargo is — and what condition it's in — spans devices on the box, carrier data and vessel…

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AIS: Automatic Identification System for Ships
Term

AIS: Automatic Identification System for Ships

AIS is the transponder system that broadcasts a ship's identity and movement, underpinning both collision…

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Cargo Trackers: GPS, Cellular & Satellite Devices
Term

Cargo Trackers: GPS, Cellular & Satellite Devices

Cargo trackers are battery-powered devices on containers or pallets that report position, and often…

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RFID in Maritime Logistics
Term

RFID in Maritime Logistics

RFID identifies cargo and assets wirelessly at gates and yards, enabling fast inventory without line of sight.

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BLE Asset Tags for Short-Range Tracking
Term

BLE Asset Tags for Short-Range Tracking

BLE tags are tiny, low-cost, long-life beacons that locate and group assets at short range, with gateways…

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Smart Containers & Electronic Seals (eSeals)
Term

Smart Containers & Electronic Seals (eSeals)

Smart containers and electronic seals bring connectivity, security and condition awareness to the box itself,…

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Reefer & Cold-Chain Monitoring
Term

Reefer & Cold-Chain Monitoring

Reefer monitoring continuously watches refrigerated containers, protecting perishable cargo by catching…

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DCSA Track & Trace: Standardized Shipment Visibility
Term

DCSA Track & Trace: Standardized Shipment Visibility

DCSA Track & Trace is an open industry standard that delivers consistent, real-time container status across…

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DCSA eBL: The Electronic Bill of Lading
Term

DCSA eBL: The Electronic Bill of Lading

The electronic Bill of Lading digitizes shipping's central document of title, making transfer faster, more…

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Internet of Cargo: Connected, Self-Aware Shipments
Term

Internet of Cargo: Connected, Self-Aware Shipments

The Internet of Cargo extends IoT to the goods themselves, so shipments can sense, communicate and react…

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Fleet platforms

PMS/ERP, vessel-data platforms and edge on board.

AI & analytics

Prediction, anomaly detection, fuel optimization, RAG, CII.

Integration & APIs

REST, webhooks, MCP, gateways and ISO data exchange.